International Athelstan

It’s been a busy couple of days that I won’t forget anytime soon.

Thursday, I made my way up to Vancouver, BC, to attend a very special gathering of the Masonic Order of Athelstan. The morning started with the initiation of about 56 new candidates; quite a sight to see that many Brethren welcomed into the Order all at once. After that, the Grand Master and several Grand Officers from England advanced the necessary brothers to the rank of Past Master before consecrating the brand-new Court of St. Lawrence No. 197 under the Grand Court of England, Wales, and Provinces Overseas.

I’ve never seen a Court consecration before, and I have to say, it was done with an impressive ease and dignity. The British Grand Officers really do have a way of carrying out these ceremonies with practiced grace, and it was a privilege to witness it. A few of us from Salish Court No. 6 (under the Grand Court of the USA) were there as well, which made it even more special.

As soon as the ceremony wrapped up, though, I had to dash straight to the Vancouver airport to catch a flight back to Seattle, WA. No rest for the weary! Salish Court No. 6 was holding its election meeting that same evening, and I wasn’t about to miss it. I made it in time thanks to a local Brother picking me up, and I’m honored to share that I was appointed Senior Deacon for the coming year.

Now, after all the travel and ritual, I’m finally heading home to relax and enjoy the Labor Day weekend. It’s been a whirlwind, but that’s part of what I love about being involved in the Craft: the chance to travel, meet new Brethren, and be a part of history in the making.

Order of the Purple Cross

This weekend marked a milestone in my Masonic career as I attended the 68th General Assembly of the York Rite Sovereign College of North America in Raleigh, NC.

On Thursday, I toured the North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences in downtown Raleigh. The museum spans two buildings, with exhibits covering coastal ecosystems, prehistoric life, and statewide natural habitats. It combines immersive natural history displays, live animal encounters, hands-on learning, and cutting-edge scientific research. The rest of the day was spent catching up with old friends and making new ones.

Friday morning, I visited the Duke University Chapel, known for its soaring tower, Gothic interior, and exquisite stained-glass windows. Located on the highest ridge of Duke’s West Campus, it was the university’s first planned and last constructed major building, intended by benefactor James B. Duke to “dominate all of the surrounding buildings” and deeply influence the spiritual life of the campus community. The chapel stands as one of the final great collegiate Gothic projects in the United States and was built using locally sourced stone from a quarry near Hillsborough.

The chapel tower rises 210 feet, making it one of Durham's tallest structures. Inside, the sanctuary spans approximately 291 by 63 feet and seats around 1,500 visitors. Its 77 stained-glass windows depict biblical scenes from both the Old and New Testaments.

Between the chancel and the south transept lies the Memorial Chapel, which houses the Carrara marble sarcophagi of the university’s namesakes—Washington Duke, James B. Duke, and Benjamin N. Duke.

From there, it was a short bus ride to the Sarah P. Duke Gardens. Established in the early 1930s, the gardens began as a memorial inspired by the generosity of Sarah P. Duke. The 55-acre site features four distinct areas: the Historic Terraces (including the Mary Duke Biddle Rose Garden and Roney Fountain), the H.L. Blomquist Garden of Native Plants, the W.L. Culberson Asiatic Arboretum, and the Doris Duke Center Gardens. These areas are connected by roughly five miles of winding pathways.

After returning to the hotel, I attended candidate orientation. Later that evening, I joined my Grand Governor and his wife at the Associate Regents Dinner, where a friend presided over the Council of Associate Regents.

Saturday morning began with the opening of the General Assembly and the introduction of distinguished guests. I then moved to another room for preparations to receive the Order of the Purple Cross. This is not an actual degree within the traditional York Rite system, but rather a prestigious honorary distinction conferred within the York Rite College of North America, an appendant body of the York Rite.

The Order of the Purple Cross is awarded to Companion Knights of a local York Rite College who have rendered outstanding service to York Rite Masonry and the York Rite College. It is considered one of the highest honors a York Rite Mason can receive in North America (often compared to the 33° in the Scottish Rite).

The ceremony was conducted with great dignity and solemnity by a skilled team of ritualists. I was deeply honored to be invested with my ring by my Grand Governor and to receive my patent of membership in this order. With this honor, I now hold the title of Associate Regent of the York Rite Sovereign College of North America.

My class included approximately 115 candidates and was dedicated to W. Berry Rigdon, a living legend in the York Rite, particularly in North Carolina. In attendance were several sitting Most Excellent Grand High Priests, Most Illustrious Grand Masters, and Right Eminent Grand Commanders, as well as both Sovereign Grand Commanders of the Supreme Councils of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite, Southern Jurisdiction and Northern Masonic Jurisdiction.

History, Mystery, and Majesty

The last couple of days have been a whirlwind of activity. I flew out Wednesday evening and landed in London around noon on Thursday. That afternoon, I attended a meeting of Britannia Legion No. 1 of the Mysteries of Mithras and received the II°. I also assisted in conferring the I°. The evening concluded with a fantastic Festive Board.

Friday morning, I made my way into central London and took a bus to Stonehenge. Located on the windswept Salisbury Plain in Wiltshire, Stonehenge is one of the most iconic and mysterious monuments of the ancient world. Comprised of a circular layout of massive upright stones, it stands as a testament to Neolithic engineering, religious devotion, and social organization. The most prominent stones (each weighing up to 25 tons) are made of dense sandstone sourced from the Marlborough Downs, about 20 miles north. Interspersed among them are smaller bluestones, weighing 2 to 5 tons, transported from the Preseli Hills in southwest Wales (over 150 miles away). This feat of transportation and construction remains astonishing.

Construction began around 3100 BC and unfolded over 1,500 years in several major phases. The earliest stage featured a circular ditch and bank enclosure (the "henge") dug with antler picks, along with a raised inner bank and a wide entrance aligned with the midsummer sunrise. Within this circle, timber or early stone uprights may have been erected. Soon after, 56 pits (now called Aubrey Holes) were dug, possibly for posts, stones, or cremated remains.

By 2900 BC, timber structures dominated the site, which likely served as a sacred burial and ceremonial space. Around 2600 BC, the most dramatic transformation occurred: the arrival of the bluestones and the beginning of the iconic stone circle. Their transportation likely involved sledges, rollers, and possibly river or sea routes.

Around 2500 BC, massive sandstone blocks from the Marlborough Downs were added to form the outer circle and the inner horseshoe of trilithons (two upright stones with a horizontal lintel). These stones are aligned with solstice events, suggesting a deeply spiritual, astronomical purpose. Builders used sophisticated joinery techniques such as mortise-and-tenon joints and tongue-and-groove fittings, indicating advanced woodworking knowledge applied to megalithic construction.

Later generations rearranged the bluestones, added ceremonial avenues, and constructed surrounding barrows and mounds. By 1600 BC, construction ceased, though the site remained a place of pilgrimage for centuries. Even into the Iron Age and Roman periods, Stonehenge saw sporadic activity before gradually falling into ruin.

After visiting Stonehenge, the bus took me to Windsor Castle, the oldest and largest occupied castle in the world. Originally built by William the Conqueror in the 11th century after his victory in 1066, Windsor Castle has been continuously inhabited for nearly 1,000 years. The castle’s site was chosen for its strategic military advantages as well as its proximity to London. 

Initially, a motte-and-bailey structure with a wooden keep, the castle evolved significantly over time. Under King Henry II, stone replaced wood, and by King Henry III’s reign, a royal chapel and improved living quarters had elevated it to a major royal residence.

King Edward III, born at Windsor, began a sweeping Gothic transformation and founded the Order of the Garter in 1348, using St. George’s Chapel as its spiritual home. This chapel remains a masterpiece of late medieval architecture and a key site of royal worship.

The Tudor monarchs made minor alterations. King Henry VIII used Windsor for hunting and security, while Queen Elizabeth I sought refuge there during political and religious unrest. During the English Civil War, Parliamentary forces seized the castle and used it as a prison. Restoration came under King Charles II, who refurnished the interiors in Baroque splendor.

Subsequent monarchs, notably King George IV, transformed Windsor into the Gothic revival palace seen today. Queen Victoria made it her principal residence and established it as both a family home and a national symbol. Following the devastating 1992 fire, the castle was meticulously restored, funded in part by the first-ever public tours of Buckingham Palace.

Today, Windsor Castle remains a functioning royal residence, hosting state events, serving as the home of the Order of the Garter, and housing the tombs of monarchs, including King Henry VIII, King Charles I, King George VI, Prince Philip, and Queen Elizabeth II.

On Saturday, I set out to explore parts of London I had missed on my previous visit. In the early morning, I visited the Museum of the Order of St. John. Formally known as The Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem, this royal order of chivalry traces its lineage to the medieval Knights Hospitaller.

Suppressed in England by King Henry VIII in 1540 during the Dissolution of the Monasteries, the order's lands were seized, and its presence faded until a Victorian revival in the 19th century. Inspired by Crusader ideals and driven by the need for organized medical aid, philanthropists founded the St. John Ambulance Association in 1877. A uniformed Brigade followed in 1887, and, in 1888, Queen Victoria granted a royal charter, re-establishing the order under the Crown.

Today, the order operates worldwide through charitable institutions like St. John Ambulance and the St. John Eye Hospital in Jerusalem, serving all regardless of background.

I then made my way to St. Bartholomew the Great, London’s oldest surviving church. Founded in 1123 by Rahere, a courtier-turned-cleric who experienced a vision of St. Bartholomew during a pilgrimage to Rome, the church began as part of a priory and hospital complex. Built in the Norman Romanesque style, it features thick walls, rounded arches, and massive columns. The chancel, transept, and ambulatory still survive, while the nave was destroyed during the Dissolution of the Monasteries under King Henry VIII.

Despite this, the choir was preserved as a parish church, and the Lady Chapel was finally restored in the 19th century. The church escaped both the Great Fire of 1666 and the World War II bombings. Today, it is a vibrant Anglo-Catholic parish in the Diocese of London and a living relic of England’s medieval past.

From there, I navigated the growing crowds to the National Gallery in Trafalgar Square. Founded in 1824 with the acquisition of banker John Julius Angerstein’s collection, the gallery was intended as a public institution - open to all, not just the elite. Its neoclassical building, completed in 1838, now houses over 2,300 works spanning the 13th to early 20th centuries.

The National Gallery is especially strong in the Italian Renaissance, Dutch Golden Age, and British schools. It stands out not only for its masterworks by Da Vinci, Rembrandt, Turner, and Monet, but also for its commitment to public access and conservation leadership.

My final stop was the Churchill War Rooms, located beneath the Treasury building in Whitehall. These underground chambers served as the nerve center of Britain’s wartime leadership during WWII. Constructed in 1939 just before war broke out, the rooms were operational by late August and remained active throughout the conflict.

Here, Churchill and his cabinet met, military movements were tracked in the Map Room, and decisions were made amid the Luftwaffe’s aerial attacks. After the war, the site was mothballed and largely forgotten until the 1970s. The Imperial War Museum opened it to the public in 1984, preserving it as a powerful reminder of Britain’s darkest and finest hours.

It was a quick trip, but an eventful one. From ancient stones to sacred churches, royal halls to wartime bunkers, I walked through centuries of history in just a few days. England remains a land where the mythic, the majestic, and the meaningful still converge.

The Italian Job

Another great trip is in the books. I was pleased to accompany officers from the General Grand Council of Cryptic Masons International to the Annual Assembly of the Gran Concilio dei Massoni Criptici d'Italia (Grand Council of Cryptic Masons of Italy).

I flew into Milan on Wednesday and arrived shortly before the Right Puissant Deputy General Grand Master of Cryptic Masons International. After a lovely taxi ride from the airport, we got into our hotel and relaxed for the rest of the day. We were both exhausted from our long plane rides from the Western Hemisphere; he came in from Brazil.

Thursday morning I left before dawn and walked around. I then made my way to the Museum of the Last Supper next to the Basilica di Santa Maria delle Grazie. As I waited for my tour to start I noticed a lot of Carabinieri assembling in their dress uniforms. My tour started, and my guide took us through the museum to see Leonardo DaVinci's 'Last Supper.'

Housed in the Convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie in Milan, this painting is one of the most celebrated masterpieces of the Italian Renaissance. Painted between 1495 and 1498 (nearly 4 years total), this mural depicts the dramatic moment when Christ announced that He would be betrayed. The composition is a masterful study of human emotion, with each of the twelve apostles reacting uniquely, their gestures and expressions conveying shock, disbelief, and confusion. 

The apostles are arranged in four groups of three (two groups on each side of the Savior), each cluster showcasing a distinct emotional reaction to Jesus’ revelation. To Jesus’ immediate left are John the Beloved, Judas, and Peter. John, the youngest and closest to Jesus, leans toward him with a serene, almost resigned demeanor; this character has played a prominent role in Dan Brown's 'The DaVinci Code.' Judas, darker and more shadowed, clutches a money bag (a subtle allusion to his betrayal) while recoiling slightly in guilt and secrecy. Peter, ever impulsive, leans forward aggressively, gripping a knife and appearing ready to act. To Jesus' right are James the Greater, Doubting Thomas, and Philip. James throws his arms open in disbelief, while Thomas points upward which symbolizes his later doubts about the resurrection. Philip, embodying youthful innocence, clasps his hands to his chest as if seeking reassurance. Bartholomew, James the Lesser, and Andrew are on the table's far left. Bartholomew stands poised on his toes, almost leaping from his seat in astonishment. James the Lesser appears calm but contemplative, while Andrew raises his hands in a gesture of shock. Lastly, on the far right, Thaddeus, Simon, and Matthew form the last trio. Thaddeus and Matthew seem to confer with Simon, the elder statesman of the group, whose calm demeanor contrasts with the agitation around him.

Leonardo employed groundbreaking techniques to create depth and perspective, emphasizing the central figure of Christ. However, his experimental method of painting on dry plaster, rather than traditional fresco techniques (wet plaster), has led to significant deterioration over the centuries. Despite extensive restoration efforts, The Last Supper remains a fragile testament to Leonardo's genius and a powerful symbol of faith and artistry.

'The Last Supper' has faced significant challenges over the centuries due to natural deterioration and external damage, including the destruction caused by World War II bombings. Leonardo da Vinci’s experimental technique of painting on dry plaster, rather than traditional fresco methods, made the work particularly vulnerable to flaking and decay. Within a few decades of its completion, the mural began to deteriorate due to environmental conditions and the inherent instability of the materials. Over the centuries, various restoration attempts contributed further to its degradation. During World War II, the convent housing the painting was struck by Allied bombs in 1943. While much of the structure was destroyed, protective sandbags placed around the mural miraculously preserved it from total ruin. In the latter half of the 20th century, a major restoration effort spanning over two decades sought to stabilize the artwork and recover as much of Leonardo’s original vision as possible. Using advanced technology, restorers painstakingly removed layers of overpainting from earlier restorations, filling in missing sections with subtle, non-intrusive watercolor techniques to avoid misrepresenting the original. Though the mural remains fragile and incomplete, these efforts have ensured its survival as a testament to Leonardo’s genius and enduring cultural significance.

After the tour ended, the Piazza was filled with more Carabinieri and I found out that November 21 is their holy day for the Virgin Mary who is the Patroness of the Carabinieri.

The Carabinieri, Italy’s national gendarmerie (a military force that performs law enforcement duties that is a bridge between military and civilian police), was established in 1814 by King Victor Emmanuel I of Savoy to serve as a policing force with military responsibilities. Initially tasked with maintaining public order and enforcing laws in the Kingdom of Sardinia, the Carabinieri gained prominence for their discipline and effectiveness. Following the unification of Italy in the mid-19th century, they became a vital part of the new nation’s law enforcement and defense framework, operating under the Ministry of Defense. Over time, the Carabinieri expanded their roles, handling both civil policing duties and military operations. They are recognized for their distinctive uniform and their dual status as both a military and civilian force, allowing them to operate across a wide range of missions, from counterterrorism and organized crime to international peacekeeping. Today, the Carabinieri continue to be a symbol of Italian law and order, balancing their historical traditions with modern responsibilities to serve both Italy and international communities.

The Virgin Mary holds a special place as the Patroness of the Carabinieri, symbolizing their dedication to service, sacrifice, and the protection of others. Her role as their spiritual guide and protector reflects the values of compassion, faith, and commitment that the Carabinieri strive to embody in their duties. Pope Pius XII officially declared the Blessed Virgin Mary the "Heavenly Patroness of the Carabinieri." Her feast day, celebrated on November 21, the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary, holds special significance. On this day, the Carabinieri honor her protection through prayers, processions, and commemorative ceremonies

I then rented a bike and made my way to the Duomo di Milano. I always found Italian driving habits to be...interesting...to say the least and that was magnified being on a bike where you have to drive in and out of traffic. I was able to get tickets that allowed me to view the cathedral, the Crypt of San Carlo, the archaeological site, and the cathedral's terrace.

The Duomo di Milano (Milan Cathedral) is one of the largest churches in the world. Its construction began in 1386 under the direction of the Duke of Milan who envisioned a grand cathedral to symbolize the power and devotion of his city. Over the centuries, the cathedral evolved through the efforts of countless architects, sculptors, and craftsmen, blending Gothic elements with later styles as work continued. I walked around just taking in the awe-inspiring views and then sat for a time.

Once it was opened, I made way down to the Crypt of San Carlo which is located beneath the altar. This sacred space is dedicated to Saint Charles Borromeo (1538-1584), one of Milan’s most revered figures and a key leader of the Catholic Reformation. Saint Charles served as the Archbishop of Milan in the 16th century, renowned for his piety, reform efforts, and tireless work during the plague that devastated the city. After he died in 1584, his body was interred in this crypt to honor his legacy and devotion to the Church.

The crypt, designed in Baroque style, was constructed to house his relics and remains a significant site for pilgrims and visitors. It features an elaborate silver and crystal sarcophagus that displays the embalmed body of Saint Charles, dressed in full archbishop regalia. Surrounding the sarcophagus are intricate decorations and religious motifs, reflecting the reverence held for the saint.

The pass that I purchased allowed me to walk through the archaeological site under the Duomo. This subterranean area showcases the remnants of earlier religious structures that once stood where the cathedral is today. Among the most significant discoveries are the ruins of the early Christian Basilica of Santa Tecla and the Baptistery of San Giovanni alle Fonti, both dating back to the 4th century AD. The Basilica of Santa Tecla was one of Milan's largest churches during the late Roman Empire but was partially demolished to make way for the construction of the Duomo. 

Walking around the site, you see foundations, fragments of walls, and sections of mosaic flooring that hint at the basilica's former grandeur. Next to it is the Baptistery of San Giovanni alle Fonti, renowned as one of the oldest known octagonal baptisteries in Christianity. It holds historical significance as the site where Saint Ambrose baptized Saint Augustine in 387 AD, marking a pivotal moment in Christian history.

The exterior, adorned with an intricate array of spires, statues, and gargoyles, features the iconic Madonnina, a golden statue of the Virgin Mary, perched atop the highest spire. Inside, the vast nave, stained glass windows, and towering columns evoke awe and reverence. My pass allowed me to walk around the terrace and have a view of the city and a closer look at the intricate architecture.

The Duomo has witnessed significant moments in history, serving as a center for religious, cultural, and political events in Milan. It was here that Napoleon Bonaparte crowned himself King of Italy in 1805, accelerating efforts to complete the façade. However, the cathedral was not officially finished until 1965, after centuries of intermittent work.

Leaving the cathedral, I met up with the Deputy General Grand Master and we walked around the Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II and grabbed a snack. The rest of my trip was meeting with Companions from all over Europe. We had a great dinner at a local restaurant with the General Grand Council's Ambassador for Germany.  

Friday morning involved meeting with Companions from all over Europe along with the Deputy General Grand Master and the Regional Deputy General Grand Master for Europe. Friday afternoon there were some meetings including a book reading and meeting with the authors (one of whom helped bring the American York Rite system to Italy) and the conferral of the Order of the Silver Trowel which was fascinating to see done in Italian. I could follow along understanding the ritual and floorwork. The rest of the night included a dinner and fraternalizing with Companions and their wives.

Saturday brought the annual assembly of the Grand Council where I ran into a Brother Mason that I had not seen since we met in Venice back in 2011 when I was on my mid-tour leave during Operation New Dawn in Iraq. I was introduced and honored and given a chance to address the Companions (with the help of an interpreter). The meetings and various ceremonies took all morning and most of the early afternoon. Once all of the business was dispensed with, several of us had lunch near the hotel and then I took a needed nap. The evening was filled with food...food...and more food - the Italians love to eat and very late in comparison to the US, but their generosity is second to none and I had an amazing time.

Now, I'm sitting in Charles de Gaulle Airport in France waiting for my flight back to the United States.

2024 SRICF High Council

Another successful meeting for the High Council of the Societas Rosicruciana in Civitatibus Foederatis has ended. I came into this weekend on the tail end of a work trip to Pennsylvania where I was able to attend a York Rite Unity Banquet in Harrisburg and then a Lodge meeting in Hershey.

Once I made it to Louisville, KY, we toured the Buffalo Trace Distillery in Frankfort, KY, and then spent the day catching up with friends and socializing with the Fratres and other guests.

The Opening Procession kicked off late morning on Friday and I had lunch with Fratres from Latin America. While an exemplification of the Grade of Zelator was performed, I prepared with my fellow officers for the Eighth Grade conferral. Friday night, I had the pleasure of serving as the presiding officer for the conferral of the Grade of Magister (VIII) on several worthy Fratres. This is my third time and I am still astonished to have been selected for this honor.

Friday night was filled with brotherhood and socializing. I finally made it to bed around 3am and got a few hours of sleep before the second day of the High Council kicked off. There were so many great presentations given by some learned men. We had the banquet for the Society on Saturday night where the Knight Grand Cross was awarded to the Chief Adept of Kentucky and Chief Adept of Ohio, both of whom have been instrumental in the success of the High Council meetings since it came to Louisville, KY.

Now, I'm on my way home just in time to get ready for my next adventure.

Grand Court of Athelstan

Another successful trip to England is in the books! This weekend, I had the pleasure of attending the Grand Court of the Masonic Order of Athelstan in Leicester, UK. Located in the East Midlands of England, Leicester is one of the country’s oldest cities. Originally founded by the Romans as “Ratae Corieltauvorum” meaning “ramparts of the Corieltauvorum”; the Corieltauvorum were a Celtic tribe that lived in the area when the Romans invaded. After the fall of the Roman Empire, the Anglo-Saxons took over the city and later became part of the Danelaw, under the control of Viking settlers. During the medieval period, Leicester grew as a market town and was granted a royal charter in 1255. Its importance continued to rise with the construction of Leicester Castle and its role as a center for trade. Leicester’s rich cultural heritage is also marked by its role in English history, such as its connection to the War of the Roses. The remains of King Richard III, who was killed in the Battle of Bosworth in 1485, were famously discovered beneath a car park in the city in 2012, an event that brought global attention to Leicester.

I flew out of the States in the late afternoon on Tuesday and arrived in London Wednesday morning along with the Secretary of Salish Court No. 96 (my home Court). After navigating a few train connections, we finally arrived at our Leicester hotel, conveniently located near the edge of the historic old town.

Thursday morning, we walked to the Richard III Visitors Center and discovered the significance of Leicester in the history of King Richard III, the last Plantagenet king of England. Richard III’s connection to Leicester is rooted in his demise during the War of the Roses, a series of dynastic conflicts between the Houses of York and Lancaster. In 1485, Richard faced Henry Tudor (later Henry VII) at the Battle of Bosworth just a few miles from Leicester. Richard III, leading his forces into battle, was defeated and killed, marking the end of the Plantagenet dynasty and the rise of the Tudors. Following his death, Richard’s body was brought to Leicester and unceremoniously buried at the Greyfriars Friary, a monastic site in the city, that was later destroyed by King Henry VIII. For centuries, the exact location of Richard’s remains was lost, becoming the subject of legend and speculation. However, in 2012, a remarkable archaeological project led by the University of Leicester uncovered a skeleton beneath a car park on the former site of the Greyfriars Friary. After thorough analysis, including DNA testing, the remains were confirmed to be those of Richard III. This discovery was one of the most significant historical findings in recent British history, drawing international attention to Leicester. In 2015, Richard III was reburied with full honors at Leicester Cathedral, in a ceremony that attracted visitors and dignitaries from around the world, acknowledging both his historical significance and the city’s role in his story.

We then walked to Leicester Cathedral (the Cathedral Church of St. Martin) which has a rich history that spans over 900 years. It stands on a site that has been a place of Christian worship since at least the 11th century, though it is believed that the area may have been associated with religious activity even earlier. Originally, a parish church dedicated to St. Martin was established there during the Norman period, reflecting the spread of Christianity across England. In 1927, the church was elevated to cathedral status when the Diocese of Leicester was re-established, making it the spiritual heart of the city and surrounding area. Throughout its history, Leicester Cathedral has seen significant architectural changes, with additions made during the medieval period, the Victorian era, and the 20th century.

 

Walking around the corner of the Cathedral, we found Leicester Guildhall, one of the city’s oldest landmarks dating back to the 14th century. Originally constructed around 1390, the Guildhall was built as a meeting place for the Guild of Corpus Christi, a religious and social fraternity that played a central role in the civic life of medieval Leicester. By the 16th century, the Guildhall had expanded its role to serve as Leicester’s Town Hall, hosting meetings of the town’s governing body, known as the Corporation. It was also used as a courtroom and a venue for public events and entertainment, including theatrical performances and banquets. In 1642, during the English Civil War, it was used as a military headquarters when the Royalist forces, led by King Charles I, attempted to capture the city.

We next walked over to the Church of St. Mary de Castro, located near Leicester Castle, which is one of the city’s oldest churches. Founded in 1107 by Robert de Beaumont, the first Earl of Leicester, the church was originally established as a chapel within the grounds of Leicester Castle. It is believed that King Henry VI was knighted there, and Geoffrey Chaucer, author of "The Canterbury Tales," was married there. The church’s medieval heritage is reflected in its architecture, which includes Norman, Gothic, and later styles, featuring beautiful stone carvings, stained glass windows, and an intricately decorated interior. This church historically functioned as two distinct churches within a single building, reflecting the social divisions of the medieval period. One side of the church was designated for the nobility, primarily the residents and officials of Leicester Castle, while the other side was for commoners from the surrounding town.

Leaving the church, we walked across the street to Leicester Castle, but the motte was the only thing open to the public. We then walked down the Castle Gardens and then back to the hotel so we could get ready for the Grand Witan Banquet. Afterward, many of us stayed up late socializing and drinking beer.

The next day a few of us wandered further around the city and made our way to Abbey Park. The park is situated on the grounds of what was once Leicester Abbey, an Augustinian monastery founded in 1143 by Robert de Beaumont, 2nd Earl of Leicester. The abbey flourished for centuries as a center of religious and economic activity until it fell victim to King Henry VIII’s Dissolution of the Monasteries in 1538. After dismantling the abbey, the land changed hands several times and was used for agricultural purposes. In the late 19th century, the area was transformed into a public park to provide green spaces for the people of Leicester. The park contains ruins of the original church, remains of the abbey walls, and a memorial to Cardinal Thomas Wolsey (who died at the abbey in 1530).

Saturday morning, we assembled at Freemasons’ Hall in Leicester and opened the Grand Court of the Masonic Order of Athelstan. Seating was set and I was behind the Grand Marshall near the Grand Secretaries table on the northeast side of the Lodge. As an American, I enjoy watching the pomp and ceremony of the British. Among the various items of business dealt with, the current Grand Master was re-elected for another term of office. He also announced that a Grand Court of France would be formed in November and the Grand Court of the United States of America would be formed in February during Masonic Week.

After the meeting, we had drinks and a large lunch before we made our way back to the London area in preparation for our flights to our respective residences. It was a fun trip, but it’s always good to be back in your own bed.

2024 Northwest Department Conference

Another Northwest Department Conference is in the books. This year's conference was held in Spokane just off the Gonzaga University campus and along the river.

I attended the annual meeting of the Northwest Province of the Commemorative Order of St. Thomas of Acon USA on Thursday night where I remain as the Provincial Grand Treasurer for another year.

Friday was occupied with the regional meetings for the Royal Arch Chapter and Cryptic Masons Council. The current General Grand Master has revamped the Order of the Secret Vault and all recipients were reinvested with the new ceremony.

The Knights Templar session took up most of Saturday with some excellent presentations from the Grand Master on his goals for the 70th Triennium, the Membership Committee, the Knights Templar Eye Foundation, the modernization and standardization of communication (website, social media, etc.), and the Commissioned Templar Chaplain Program where we presented the jewel for completing the course to the Grand Senior Warden of Idaho. In the morning, the Most Eminent Grand Master also invested a dear friend and Sir Knight Jeremy Vaughn with the Knight Grand Cross of the Temple. Afterward, a large group of us found a tavern to have drinks and dinner in before turning in for the night.

It was a great time to see so many Companions and Sir Knights from not just around the Northwest Department, but from across the United States.

MW SRICF Conference

Today I attended the first Midwest Regional SRICF Conference in Dayton, OH. I flew in Friday night and jumped into the fellowship with some libations and some great philosophical discussions.

Saturday we started around midday with Fratres representing 11 Colleges from all over the United States myself from Idaho, the Chief Adept of New Mexico, and the Chief Adept of Montana. The Junior Deputy Supreme Magus and the Grand Master of Masons in Ohio were also in attendance. We had several excellent presentations:

"Internal Energy Among Different Cultures" by Frater Morosko, VII°

"Rosicrucianism and Christianity" by Frater Simmons, IX°

"Mysticism in 18th Century Russia" by Frater M. Doxsee, VII°

"Not as Above, Not as Below" by Frater Gilbert, VII°

"Spiritual Healing" by Frater P. Vaughan, IX°

James E. Olmstead College (Ohio) then conferred the V° on several worthy Fratres. The officers did an excellent job. The Chief Adept of the Ohio Colleges then hosted an excellent banquet. I am heading to bed early to catch my flight home in the morning, but I loved the hospitality and fellowship exhibited by the Midwest Regional Colleges.

Visit to London

It's been a fantastic week for me. I just finished spending 5 full days in the London area. Last Sunday I left home and flew into the UK (landing on Monday morning). After checking in to my hotel, I walked around London to get my bearings. I visited the British Museum and then visited Freemasons' Hall. It is a beautiful building, especially the Shrine and Grand Temple.

 

On Tuesday, I visited Tower Bridge, the Tower of London (and the Crown Jewels), the London Mithraeum, Mercer's Hall (just a quick picture), St. Paul's Cathedral (and yes I climbed all 500+ steps to the top), and then stopped by the plaque marking where the first Grand Lodge was established in 1717. It was an exhausting day, but I saw a lot; I probably did 2,000 steps just to climb stairs.

 

  

Wednesday morning I toured Temple Church. I could've spent all day in there, but once I had seen as much as I could I made my way over to Freemasons' Hall to attend the Provincial Grand Chapter and Provincial Grand Lodge of Surrey. I found it fascinating to watch the ceremonies of British Royal Arch and Craft Masonry. I was blown away by the fact that over 900 Brothers attended the Provincial Grand Lodge meeting.

 

Thursday morning and afternoon were a time of recovery and relaxation; I was also troubleshooting my phone before I realized there was an International Coverage Outage for Verizon and other carriers (Thanks Syniverse). Thursday night I was conducted through the Trial of Corax in Britannia Legion No. 1 of the Mysteries of Mithras. Afterward, we retired to the dining room and had a great meal. There were also toasts and a lot of socializing. I talked with Brothers from all over the world.

Friday I walked around Buckingham Palace (it's not open for tours until July), St. James Park, Westminster Abbey, Big Ben and Parliament,  Trafalgar Square, and St. James Palace. I then found a nice pub to have a meal and beer before returning to my hotel to get ready for my flight home. I want to thank the English Brothers for all of their hospitality.

  

My flight from London to the US was enjoyable. It was the last flight for a Captain who had flown for nearly 36 years.

The Templar City of Tomar

Nestled within central Portugal lies the enchanting Templar city of Tomar. Steeped in history and shrouded in legend, Tomar stands as a testament to the enduring legacy of the Knights Templar. Founded in the 12th century by Gualdim Pais, the Master of the Templars in Portugal, Tomar served as a strategic stronghold and spiritual center for the order, playing a pivotal role in the defense of the region during the Reconquista. Known for its impressive architectural heritage, rich cultural tapestry, and significant historical importance, Tomar is often referred to as the "Templar City." Today, Tomar is celebrated for its architectural heritage, including the Convent of Christ which embodies the fusion of Templar and Manueline styles.

In 711 AD, Muslim forces under the command of Tariq ibn Ziyad crossed the Strait of Gibraltar and defeated the Visigothic Kingdom at the Battle of Guadalete. Within a few years, much of the Iberian Peninsula fell under Muslim rule, except for a few small Christian enclaves in the northern mountains. The Kingdom of Asturias, established in the mountainous region of northern Iberia, became the focal point of Christian resistance. Over the next several centuries, Christian kingdoms gradually expanded southward, reclaiming territory from Muslim rule through a series of military campaigns and sieges. The Kingdom of León, Castile, Aragon, Navarre, and Portugal emerged as key players in the Reconquista.

The Kingdom of Portugal was established in 1139, following the Battle of Ourique, where Afonso I, also known as Afonso Henriques, emerged victorious against the Moors. Afonso declared himself the first King of Portugal and began the process of consolidating power and expanding Portuguese territory. However, it's important to note that the region of modern-day Portugal had been inhabited and governed by various peoples and entities prior to this establishment as a kingdom, including the Romans, Visigoths, and Moors. The Battle of Ourique is often considered a pivotal moment in Portugal's history, marking the beginning of its journey toward nationhood.

Fueled by the Crusader spirit of the Holy Land, the Reconquista drew inspired Christian warriors and chivalric knighthoods to the Iberian Peninsula to fight back the Moors. The Knights Templar first arrived in the Iberian Peninsula in the early 12th century. Their military expertise and financial resources made them valuable allies to Christian rulers engaged in the Reconquista.

The Templars played a crucial role in the construction and defense of key fortifications along the Christian frontier, including castles, watchtowers, and fortified towns. One such strategic stronghold was Tomar. King Afonso I of Portugal granted lands to the Knights Templar as a reward for their assistance in the Reconquista and as a means of securing the newly gained territories. In 1160, the Knights Templar began constructing the Castle of Tomar, which served as the initial headquarters for the Templar Order in Portugal. Over time, their presence expanded, and in 1162, Gualdim Pais, a prominent Templar Knight, began the construction of a castle and the Convent of Christ atop the nearby hill. This vast complex served as the headquarters of the Knights Templar in Portugal and played a crucial role in their activities throughout the region.

The Convent of Christ in Tomar became not only a fortified stronghold but also a center of religious and military activity for the Order. It housed knights, monks, and pilgrims, and its grand architecture reflected the power and influence of the Templars. The Knights Templar were deeply involved in the defense of Portugal against Muslim incursions from the south, and Tomar served as a strategic base for their operations.

However, the glory days of the Knights Templar came to an abrupt end in the early 14th century. In 1312, under pressure from the King of France and the Pope, the Order was disbanded, and many of its members were arrested and executed. In Portugal, King Denis negotiated with Pope John XXII to transfer the assets and properties of the Templars to a newly formed Order of Christ, which was established in 1319 and fell under the authority of the Portuguese Crown. The Convent of Christ in Tomar became the headquarters of this new order, ensuring the continuation of the Templar legacy in Portugal.

The Order of Christ became a military, political, and economic power and influence that was given more land holdings, tax exemptions, and permission to mint its own coin. It was at the Convent in Tomar that the Iberian Union was established in 1581 and lasted until 1640 (during which time the Crowns of Portugal and Spain were united in a dynastic union). The wealth of the order would help fund Portugal’s legendary maritime voyages.

Under the Order of Christ, the Convent of Christ underwent further expansion and embellishment, becoming one of the most important religious and cultural centers in Portugal. In the 15th century, two cloisters were constructed (the Cemetery Cloister and Washing Cloister) as was the Chapel of São Jorge. King Manuel (who also served as Master of the Order of Christ) had the Hall of Passage built that connected the choir to the Chapel of São Jorge. King John III demilitarized the Order of Christ and they were more similar to the Cistercians than they were to the former Templar order. King John III ordered the construction of a new cloister for the order which is considered the best example of Renaissance architecture in Portugal. Saint Barbara's Cloister was built that has a view of the beautiful Chapter House Window and the western side of the church’s nave. The Cloister of John III was started during this time, but didn’t finish until the reign of Philip I of Portugal. During the 17th century, a 6-km aqueduct for the Convent was built. The Order of Christ remained active until the dissolution of the religious orders in the 19th century.

Today, the Convent of Christ in Tomar stands as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, a testament to the enduring legacy of the Knights Templar and their successors, the Order of Christ.

Outside of the Convent now lies a city with a rich history. Located near the Convent is the Mata Nacional dos Sete Montes (National Forest of the Seven Hills) which is described as a lush green park with paths, gardens, and scenic views. Within the city, there are many historical buildings like the Church of Santa Maria do Olival which is a 12th century Gothic church that served as a burial place for the Knights Templar in Portugal (including Gualdim Pais). One of the oldest synagogues in Portugal is in Tomar which also houses the Jewish Museum of Abraham Zacuto. The Praça da República (Republic Square) is surrounded by the City Hall and the Igreja de São João Baptista Church of Saint John the Baptist).

The City of Tomar stands as a living testament to the enduring legacy of the Knights Templar, with its medieval streets, imposing castle, and the majestic Convent of Christ serving as reminders of a bygone era. Visitors to this charming city are greeted with an opportunity to step back in time, explore the mysteries of the Knights Templar, and marvel at the architectural wonders they left behind. As one wanders through the narrow alleys and ancient buildings of Tomar, they are transported to a world where knights once roamed and legends were born.

References

1. Convento de Cristo. (n.d.). Retrieved from Monument History: http://www.conventocristo.gov.pt/en/index.php?s=white&pid=168&identificador=ct12_pt 

2. Hero Traveler. (n.d.). Retrieved from Tomar: The Templar City of Portugal: https://www.herotraveler.com/ncvieceli/story/tomar_the_templar_city_of_portugal 

3. Templar Knights. (n.d.). Retrieved from Tomar and the Knights Templar Region: https://templarknights.eu/about-tomar/ 

4. The Best Portugal. (n.d.). Retrieved from Tomar the Last Knight Templar City: https://thebestportugal.com/tomar-the-last-knight-templar-city/ 

5. Wright, N. (2019, July 05). Portugal Resident. Retrieved from Tomar – Portugal’s Knights Templar Town: https://www.portugalresident.com/tomar-portugals-knights-templar-town/

Visits as Grand Commander

Wednesday night was my first official visit as Grand Commander of Idaho. I'm visiting Lewiston Commandery No. 2 and Coeur d’Alene Commandery No. 5 which held a joint meeting. I had the pleasure of officially installing the Sir Knight I appointed as Eminent Grand Standard Bearer, whose previous obligation conflicted with our Annual Conclave in Burley last month. I had the pleasure of dragging the Northwest Department Commander with me.

Thursday morning, we traveled to Wenatchee where the two of us attended the Reuben Baer Past Commander's Association and the Memorial Service of the Grand York Rite of Washington. Friday morning I attended the Grand Chapter of Royal Arch Masons of Washington where I represented the General Grand Chapter of Royal Arch Masons International.

I attended the Grand Commandery of Knights Templar of Washington on Saturday morning, where a good friend presided. One of the accomplishments of the Grand Commandery was gaining 100% Life Sponsorship which means that only two Grand Commanderies in the Northwest do not have 100%, but are close. Sir Knight Jim McGee, a candidate for Grand Captain General of the Grand Encampment, also attended and assisted in installing the new officers. He was also made an Illustrious Knight of the Triangle.

Saturday afternoon and evening were spent with friends and Sir Knights, some food, and some adult libations. Now it's time for bed to get ready for the 7-hour drive home and then I can see my mother for Mother's Day.

YouTube Channel

April marked the 14th anniversary of the Traveling Templar and the creation of the Traveling Templar YouTube channel. I will be posting videos covering a variety of topics including my travels, the history of the medieval Knights Templar, events and history of Masonic Templary, and various other aspects of Freemasonry.

Farewell 2023

Another year has come and gone. 2022 had been a fantastic year and I was looking forward to what 2023 had to bring. The year started with work trips to Iowa and South Dakota (you know...the good times to visit the Midwest). In Iowa, I had a chance to visit with my Masonic Brothers.

February brought Masonic Week and it was a busy one. I received the rank of Past Grand Herald from the outgoing Grand Master. I was also elected as Commander-General of the Masonic Order of the Bath for the USA after we initiated 85 candidates into the order. I also received the Knight Commander of Zerubbabel in the Knight Masons.

In April, the annual sessions of the Grand York Rite of Idaho were held. I was elected and installed as Honorable Grand Commander of the Left Wing for Syringa Order No.121 of the Order of the Sword of Bunker Hill, the Master of Templars for Idaho Chapter of the Sovereign Order of Knights Preceptor, and the Very Eminent Deputy Grand Commander of the Grand Commandery of Knights Templar of Idaho.

After attending the Grand York Rite of Montana at the beginning of June, I spent the rest of the month on the road for work. 

In July, I attended the Rocky Mountain SRICF Conference in Las Vegas. Fratres from Idaho, Utah, Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico, and New Jersey were present. We conferred the four Grades of the First Order to four candidates from Nevada. I then flew from there straight to another work trip.

I attended the 72nd Triennial Convocation of the General Grand Chapter of Royal Arch Masons International and the 48th Triennial Assembly of the General Grand Council of Cryptic Masons International in August. It was my final duty as a Deputy General Grand High Priest to attend and turn over my collar and apron to my successor.

At the beginning of September, I attended the 88th Annual Conclave of the Convent General of the Knights of the York Cross of Honor where I watched a good friend installed as the Deputy Grand Master-General. A few weeks later I attended the 156th Annual Communication of the Most Worshipful Grand Lodge Ancient Free and Accepted Masons of Idaho (first time since 2019). September was busy in general because I also attended two meetings for my Lodge, one meeting of my Commandery, and one meeting for the Masonic Order of Athelstan.

In October, I had more work trips, but then attended the first Joint Southwest-Northwest York Rite Conference in Salt Lake City which also included a meeting for the Northwest Province of the Commemorative Order of St. Thomas of Acon. October ended with me attending the conferral of the Knight Commander of the Court of Honor.

November was a busy month. I went to Massachusetts for work, but was also able to get in a lot of sightseeing. I then attended the annual meeting of the High Council of the SRICF. I spent Thanksgiving in Hawaii with several members of my family.

In December, I attended the meetings of Tri-Valley College of the York Rite Sovereign College, St. Michael Conclave of the Red Cross of Constantine, Redemption Tabernacle of the Holy Royal Arch Knight Templar Priests, and Salish Court of the Masonic Order of Athelstan. I spent Christmas with my family and I couldn't have asked for a better day. 

2024 is going to be a big year for me and I look forward to it all.